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Evidence of tools.

Sir William Petrie  established that no tools left by the builders were to be discovered in his opinion and described the reasons why.

The tools were sacred and belonged to the Royal Family; losing one was a serious crime and could have resulted in the loss of life for the unfortunate individual to blame.

The use of the types of tools employed in the construction was through analysis of the marks on the stone; therefore it was possible to deduce that there was metal in the tools used by the evidence left in the cuts. According to Sir William Flanders Petrie, bronze and copper saws and drills of various designs were employed. Some with precious stones for tips and accordingly would have been very valuable.

 But this tool was different from the ordinary working tools of the craft, it was the tool of an architect, astronomer and Magician/Priest it was assembled form simple materials that were available to any and all in Egypt around 2170BC, but the knowledge that went with this type of instrument was sacred, enormous in its capability and multi disciplined in its concept.

It was not the knowledge of the many but it was the knowledge of the Pharaoh and his architects, for Egypt was built on a deep  understanding of the Spiritual and the material, it was a sun culture and star culture that respected the earth and feared the recurrence of chaos.

The Pharaohs responsibility was to ensure the welfare of his people by standing between the earth and heaven and was considered to be the representative of God in the time that he lived.

The whole Egyptian civilisation appears to be built on the concepts of time as related to the position of the sun in astrological wheels of the zodiac constellations.

 This photograph is provided with kind permission of Maureen Palmer shows the parts of the instruments in the Temple of Horus at Edfu. These hieroglyphs were probably Ptolemaic in origin.

 I think that the relics discovered by Dixon in the Queens chamber, were part of an originally complete but disassembled instrument that had been sealed into the pyramid by the architects and priests to enable the Ba or soul of the Pharaoh to “navigate”  through the "soul" shaft and to find his way past Reret, the guardian of the gateway to heaven as depicted in the weighing of the heart ceremony.

A disassembled instrument would not work and therefore was consistent with the burial procedures of the Ancient Egyptians, where they often made doors that would not open to the living, but the soul of the dead could pass through them with ease.

Since the Dixon Relics were found in a hermetically sealed shaft, now recognised as a soul shaft for the Pharaohs Ba to fly to the stars it makes sense to the author that this was an instrument of astral navigation for the Ba of the Pharaoh to find its way.

Weighing the heart

The weighing of the heart ceremony was related to the judgment of the Pharaohs deeds known as Ma-at, where the dead Pharaohs heart was weighed on a scale against the feather of (Ma-at) representing truth, honour and justice while in front of the God of Time (Horus) recorded by the God of Wisdom (Thoth). If the result was that his heart (conscience) was lighter than the feather, his soul would be able to pass the guardian of heaven and join the stars. If his heart was heavy, then he would be eaten by the horrible monster Reret for re-absorption back in to Nature. If his heart was lighter than a feather, then he would be allowed to pass through the gate to heaven.

This may be the meaning of Christ's saying "The Meek shall inherit the earth" since the root word of meek is "meuk",  meaning muck, slime or soil.

Reret was part Lion, part Hippopotamus and had a crocodile on its back representing a composite of the most dangerous animals known to the Egyptians and was the guardian of the circumpolar stars.

The Lion, Crocodile and Hippopotamus represented death and rebirth, Reret was also the mother figure guardian God of the unborn. Reret can be seen holding the northern mooring post in her hand in the  Denderah Zodiac.

The Denderah Zodiac and Reret the monster of death and rebirth

 Although the  the instrument was highly spiritual and sacred, it also implies a complete and advanced understanding of spherical geometry, surveying and astronomy with the added benefit of astral navigation for the Pharaoh.

The way to Heaven "The Stars" is through the circumpolar stars past Reret, only if the traveller's heart is lighter than the feather of Truth and Justice known by the Egyptians as Ma-at.

Applications

I intend to show that in the skilled hands of a skilled and knowledgeable operator, this simple instrument can be used for the following purposes in astronomy, astrology and the design of highly sacred and holy buildings.

To build the pyramids and align the stars requires an inclinometer.

Artist impression of the designing the angle of the Pyramid

1. The Instrument can be used to take remarkably accurate astronomical measurements.

2. Measuring distances for chart and map making including measuring the circumference of the Earth. To an accuracy of 3 arc minutes.

3. The Instrument can be used for Civil engineering projects such as surveying and construction.

4.Timekeeping and the calendar upkeep.

5.Navigation including latitude to an accuracy of 3 nautical miles.

This diagram shows the unique ability of the instrument to take sidereal angular measurements of  the movement of astronomical bodies.This example shows the use of the bronze fork .

If an  observer uses the cleft in the fork to sight the star at night, it would be difficult to see the stars without a polished and reflective surface to reflect a fire or torch light.

Note. This type of observation of ecliptic stars on the south horizon may only be made in the summer when they are lower in the sky.

Amen The God of Amun or Aries was an astrological age that started after Taurus at the building of the Pyramid of Giza	The Dixon Relics Hook The hook is made of bronze and forms the astrological shape of the sugn for Aries,Amen.	Piazzi Smyth's Serpent Piazzi Smyth drew a serpent to illustrate the sign for Draconis. Reret was the sign in the time of Khufu. Regardless, both show the circumpolar stars, heaven and the alignment of the entrance shaft of the pyramid

 Conclusion

1. The Egyptians used an instrument that was an inclinometer with a measuring rod, a plumb line and a staff, to align the pyramids to the stars.

2. This instrument was required to carry out accurate astrology and measure the actions of the precession so as to form ages from the vernal equinox.

3. To survey the construction of the pyramid, required such an instrument to replace the modern surveyors theodolite.

4. The Pyramid and the instrument were both sacred and helped form the foundations of a star culture and sun worshipping cult that has echo's in all modern religions.

5. The stars that were most important to carry out these measurements were the circumpolar constellations of Draconis and the Great Bear which were used as a clock and calendar, indicating the position of the sun at night and throughout the year by measurement of a staff, exponential scale measuring rod and plumb line.

6. That evidence of the use of plumb lines and sighting rods are extant in the inferior Bay and Merkhet and yet these instruments are incapable of the necessary spherical measurements to explain the achievements of the Egyptian builders and astronomers.

7. That the Dixon Relics of 1872 have been sadly overlooked and are likely to be the instrument claimed in absence of another logical explanation.

8. That the resulting instrument of cosmic knowledge, similar to the Calvary cross was hidden in a northern soul shaft in the Queens Chamber of the Great Pyramid of Cheops  (Khufu) so as to help the Pharaohs soul  (Ba) navigate its way out of the solar system to heaven through the ecliptic pole above the sun.

I, Crichton Edward McGregor Miller hereby assert and give notice of my right under section 77 of the Copyright Designs and Patent Act 1988 to be identified as the Author of the foregoing Article.

©Copy Right Notice 1997-2004

©The Author, Crichton E M Miller, reserves all rights under the Patents and Copy right acts to be recognised as the author of this work.

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